Speed-recorder.



No. 644,743. Patented Mar. 6, 1900. J. KABLIK.

SPEED RECORDER.

(Application filed May 13, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 Sheeis-Sheal I.

, Patented Mar. 6, I900. J. KABLIK.

SPEED RECORDER.

(Applieltion filed m 13, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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gwxmu H WW? UNITED STATES PATENT Erica.

JOHN KARLIK, OF KLADNO, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

SPEED-RECORDER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 644,743, dated March 6,1900.

Application filed May 13, 1899.

1'0 alt tv/wm it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN KARLIK, a citizen of the Empire ofAustria-Hungary, residing at Kladno, Austria-Hungary, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Speed Recorders or Tachographsfor Main and Transmission Shafts, of which the following is aspecification.

The present invention relates to a speed-recorder for driving-shafts andline-shaftin g in which the drum that receives the diagram-paper ismounted on a screw having a pitch such that the drum descendsautomatically by its own weight and uniformly by reason of the action ofa brake. A liquid (preferably mercury) inclosed in a system ofcommunicating tubes caused to rotate by the shaft the speed. of which itis desired to measure moves a scribing-stylus that draws the diagram ofthe speed, while a fixed stylus draws the base-line of the diagram.

The accompanying drawings illustrate, by

' way of example, a form of construction of the new speed-recorder.

Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, of the apparatus. Fig.2 is a side elevation. Fig. 3 is a developed view of the diagram-paper.Fig. ashows a portion of a diagram, as well as the base-drawing stylusand the recording-stylus.

CtlS the drum, on which lies the strip of paper on which the diagram isto be drawn. The drum is freeat the top and on the sides in order tofacilitate the placing of the strip of paper. The drum, mounted on thefixed screw 1), acquires, by reason of its own weight, a rotary motionabout said screw, which causes it to move in a determined period(several hours or several days) from the position shown in Fig. 1 intothe position shown in Fig. 2 in such a manner that every point of thedrum will describe a helix corresponding to the pitch of the screw.

In order to render uniform and to regulate the motion of the paper-drum,a crank-arm d, ending in a groove 0 in the drum, transmits the force ofrotation to gearing ff, which transmits it to a governor of the fixed orof the pendulum type. By varying the ratio of the gearing and the phasesof the braking action any desired duration of rotation can be obtained.On pushing back the lever e in the direction of the arrow thebevel-wheels f f Serial No. 7165636. (No model.)

become disengaged and the drumcan be rotated in any direction in orderto set it to the time, or it can be wound up completely for the purposeof placing a fresh strip of paper on it.

The diagram-paper is divided into minutes, as indicated in Fig. 3, whenit is required to record speeds that vary quickly, while a division intohours is sufficient for recording speeds that vary slowly. Thehelicoidal baseline corresponding to the pitch of the screw is drawn bya fixed stylus at the same time that the diagram is being drawn. Thisbaseline, which is drawn automatically and perfectly straight, whendeveloped constitutes the axis of the abscissze for the diagram to bedrawn, while the ordinates that are drawn to said axis of abscissze givethe measure of the speeds in a given time.

The speed-recorder proper which serves for producing the diagrams is ofthe most simple kind and consists of the central vertical tube 9 and ofthe lateral tubes that communicate with the central tube and areof apeculiar shape based oncalculation of the centrifugal force. The annexeddrawings show two lateral tubes h h. These three tubes are hermeticallyinserted in the head of a shaft provided with a grooved pulley i andthey are filled up to the level 7a with a suitable liquid, preferablymercury, on account of its greater ascending force and its less tendencyto evaporation. The pulley is connected by means of a belt to thedriving-shaft or line of shaft ing which it is required to control andwhich actuates the entire arrangement of tubes and thus subjects theliquid to a rotary motion. The centrifugal action resulting from thisrotation causes the mercury to descend in the central tube 9, while itrises in the lateral tubes h h in proportion to the speed of thedrivingshaft or line-shafting which it is required to control.

In order to regulate the descent of the mercury in a simple ratio to thenumber of revolutions of the shaft, it is necessary to make the lateraltubes 7177/ of a shape which is based on the calculation of thecentrifugal action and which has the result of converting the increasein the centrifugal action that is proportional to the square of thenumber of revolutions into a simple progression of the descent of themercury in the tube 9.

The shape of the lateral tubes h h is based for a high speed.

the liquid contained in a series of tubes con-' upon the followingprinciples: When a receptacle containing any desired liquid is rotated,the surface of said liquid will assume a parabolic form, as is wellknown. Therefore such a receptacle could already serve as aspeed-indicator if it is provided with a float, provided that the liquidfollows immediately the movement of the receptacle; but such aspeed-indicator would not indicate for like difierences in the number ofrevolutions like differences of the float, but it would act only veryweakly for a low speed and too strong On the other hand, when nected toeach otheris adapted to be lowered at the center as much as has beenadopted for a given diiference of speed and when the parabolascorresponding to greater differences of speed have been drawn the shapeof the lateral tubes may be exactly determined after selecting oradopting a given system of tubes. The shape of the tubes may bedetermined graphically or analytically.

Analytic determination. Assuming the centrifugal force O, the weight ofa small mass (Z on of liquid G (Z m X g, the angular speed I w e Xconst., then we have C I X 10 X 7. m

and

Tan. Q 03 w X (l m a; X 10 G (l m X g g but the resultant force of O andG is at right angles with the surface of the liquid. Therefore Tan (2Tan .XIQZM I" 1', 1' fr 1 9 ft (71.

If m 0, then r I 0, and therefore const. 2 0. So I find const.

1 /11 2 11 X OOnSl'-.

1.. 1 /1. X a? It follows, therefore, that :I' 2 "in In this formula50., and y are assumed to be (2 known, will be selected as desired, andy will be approximately known by the equation of the volumes. Thus itisevident that the center line of the lateral tubes may be readily drawnby means of the above formula.

The shape of the lateral tubes being thus determined, the volumes r,displaced in the central tube by the action of the centrifugal force,will balance two volumes o in said lateral tubes, and the descent of theliquid will be regulated in a simple ratio to the number of revolutionsof these tubes.

Upon the mercury in the central tube there floats a light float of corkor similar material which moves with the level of the mercury andtransmits its motion to the stylus neither directly or through themedium of the lever m, as indicated in the drawings. By varying theratio of the arms of the levers the amplitude of the diagram can bevaried. Also by varying the ratio of the gearing of the drum thedevelopment of the diagram can be varied. A fork o insures the guidanceand a weight 1.7 insures the light contact of the stylus n. The fixedadjacent stylus n,which draws the baseline, is provided with the samearrangements. The prolonged axle q of the lever m carries a hand orpointer r, which can be seen from the engineers box and which indicateson a scale the speed (number of revolutions) of the shaft.

In order to notify the engineer by an audible signal that the maximumspeed is reached, the lever m is provided with a vertical rod .9, whichwhen the float is in its extreme lower position, corresponding to thesaid maximum speed, plunges in a cup 1, filled withfmercury,

and thus closes the circuit of an electric bell.

The apparatus is inclosed in a cupboard fitted with glass panels inorder to protect it from the attempts of persons of bad intent. It maybe illumined at night-time, so as to render the pointer visible from theengineers box.

In order to enable the invention to be more clearly understood, I shallnow proceed to describe the application. of an apparatus to apit-hoisting engine.

In order to enable the diagram to indicate exactly the time in secondsof each ascent and of each stoppage for changing the cage, the drum mustmove through a sufficiently great distance per unit of time. Forexample, it must make one revolution every two hours, so as to move intwelve revolutions (twentyfour hours) the drum down the screw 11 fromthe starting position, Fig. 1, into the end position, Fig. 2. Duringthis rotation the fixed stylus has only drawn the baseline of helicoidalform, (visible in part in Fig 4,) and the stylus n, actuated by thefloat of the tachometer, has drawn the diagrams of the differentascents.

Fig. 4 shows after six hours time a diagram of the speeds and of thetime consumed in the ascent of a coal-skip, a diagram of the ascent of acage containing workmen, and an unfin-' ished diagram of a fresh ascentof a coal-skip.

For driving-shafts or line-shafting Whose speed does not undergo'suchgreat fluctuations in short periods of time-such as exhaustingmachines,blowing engines, rolling mills, to. -it will be sufficient to arrangethe drum to make one revolution per day, so that a single strip of paperwill be capable of recording the diagrams of twelve working days, or ofa fortnight.

Having fully described my invention, what gram, substantially as and forthe purpose set forth.

2. A registering tachometer or tachograph for main and transmissionshafts, comprising a movable drum receiving the paper for diagrams, aseries of interconnected tubes rotated by the shaft acted on andcontaining liquid, a float on the liquid in the central tube, a movablestylet actuated by the float and registering on the paper of the drum,the variations of the liquid-line corresponding to the variations ofspeed of the shaft, and a stationary stylet drawing the base-line on thediagram drawn by said movable stylet, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN KARLIK.

Witnesses:

L. A. STURM, GREGORY PHELAN.

